The decline of Chichen Itza

The Mayan historical data recorded a large-scale uprising and civil war in 1221, and archaeological evidence also showed that the wooden roofs of the market and the samurai temple were burned at about this time. Chichen Itza began to decline as Yucatan’s reigning center moved to Mayapan. Although Chichen Itza has not been completely abandoned, the population of the city has decreased and no new large buildings have been built. However, the sacred wells still maintain the status of the pilgrimage site. In 1531, the Spanish conqueror Francisco announced his sovereignty over Chichen Itza and intended to be the capital of Spain’s Yucatan, but a few months later the local Maya uprising expelled Montejo from the area.

In 1839, the American writer Benjamin Norman and the second years’ John Lloyd Stephens visited Chichen Itza and presented the records. In the following decades, other expeditions conducted more investigations on the remains. In 1895, the US Deputy Consul in Yucatan, Edward Herbert Thompson, purchased Hacienda Chichen, including the Chichen Itza site, and spent 30 years on its amateur archaeological excavation and salvage the first batch of handicrafts from the holy well. In the 20 years since 1924, the Carnegie Institution and the Mexican government have been excavated and restored by Sylvanus Morley, including the restoration of the Temple of the Warriors. In 1961 and 1967, INAH carried out two salvage operations on the Holy Well. After 1980, INAH excavated and repaired more buildings.

3.Stone spheres of Costa Rica

According to the investigation, these mysterious stone balls are almost made of sturdy and beautiful granite. What puzzles scientists and archaeologists is that there are no granite stones in the vicinity of these stone balls, and no traces of the original producers can be found anywhere else. Faced with such a peculiar phenomenon, people have asked a series of questions: Who made these amazing huge stone balls? How is the huge stone be shipped here? What tools are used to make them?

These stone balls vary in size, the large diameter is tens of meters, and the smallest diameter is also more than two meters. The craftsmanship is exquisite. These mysterious stone balls have aroused people’s great interest. Scientists measured them and found that the stone balls are made of sturdy granite, and the curvature of the points on the surface of the stone ball is almost exactly the same. The diameter error is less than 0.01, which is a very ideal ball. It has been speculated that the stone balls placed on the east and west sides of the cemetery may represent the sun and the moon, or the totem signs, and some people call them “the stone balls played by the giants.” From the precise curvature of the big stone ball, it is known that the people who make these stone balls must have a wealth of geometric knowledge and superb carving technology, as well as hard processing tools and sophisticated measuring devices.

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